Leviticus 13:3 etc. : are laws about diseases a big part of ancient writings?

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The passage below, taken in isolation, at first sounds like a medical text, sadly there is no cure but to condemn the sick.

"And the priest shall look on the plague in the skin of the flesh: and when the hair in the plague is turned white, and the plague in sight be deeper than the skin of his flesh, it is a plague of leprosy: and the priest shall look on him, and pronounce him unclean."

How do schollars view these passages that seem to pass on knowledge of medical conditions? Is medical description common in texts concurrent with Leviticus, and the old testament and outside of the Jewish culture?

Do early Christian texts outside of the cannonical bible also deal with describing disease?
AND is declaring the sick person unclean merely the best medical intervention available to the culture at the time, somehow dressed up through the auspices of religeous hierarchy as a religeous condemnation?

What is the New Testament's answer to Leviticus's littany of laws?

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